There are times when Charles Wesley is so precisely explicit in recounting Christian experience, so assured and confident of the realities and verities of evangelical theology as it arises from the confluence of evangelical experience and biblical doctrine, that it’s easy to forget the balancing reticence that prohibits assurance becoming presumption. The Love Divine that excels all other loves, and which is beyond all knowledge, is to be trusted fully and freely on its own terms, even though such faith has eternal consequence. And trusted not because it is fully understood, or underwritten by intellectual guarantees, but because it floods the heart with joy, renews the spirit in love, and recreates the entire personality in the image of God, and God does all this by a love that operates outside the categories of any epistemology limited by human finitude.
So when Charles coments, In vain the first-born seraph tries, to sound the depths of love divine; and when he declares,”T’is mystery all! Let earth adore. Let angel minds enquire no more", he is declaring the mystery of Divine Love off limits to any form of calculus, logic or formula that by definition seeks to define, and thus control, and thus limit.
But Charles is not only saying that the Divine Love is immeasurable – he is saying it is a mystery so deep that the only response is adoration, what is demanded is the capitulation of the heart in trustful, grateful love. The apophatic strain in Charles Wesley’s hymns is however less than total – for in the Gospel story of God in Christ, who emptied himself of all but love and was crucified for sinners, the divine love is indeed revealed, and in such terms as is sufficient for salvation. But in worship and adoration the Christian heart and mind recognises that the Divine Love has an infinite surplus, an inexhaustible fullness, an endless repertoire of creative, redemptive power, that renders praise all but speechless, and compels a reverent reticence in which words give way to adoring wonder.
One of Charles’ lesser known hymns expresses an important truth deeply embedded in Christian mysticism. For example in The Cloud of Unknowing the writer describes the deepest relations of a person to God, not in terms of knowing, but in terms of loving: "Because he may well be loved, but not thought. By love he can be caught and held, but by thinking never".
So in a hymn based on Job 11.7, "Canst thou by searching find out God? Canst thou find out the Almighty to perfection?, Wesley teaches the importance of theological humility as a spiritual grace, and as a prerequisite to proper worship:
Shall foolish, weak, short-sighted man
Beyond archangels go,
The great Almighty God explain,
Or to perfection know?
His attributes divinely soar
Above the creatures’ sight,
And prostrate seraphim adore
The glorious Infinite.
.
Jehovah’s everlasting days
They cannot numbered be,
Incomprehensible the space
Of thine immensity
Thy wisdom’s depths by reason’s line
In vain we strive to sound,
Or stretch our labouring thought t’assign
Omnipotence a bound.
.
The brightness of thy glories leaves
Description far below;
Nor man, nor angels’ heart conceives
How deep thy mercies flow:
Thy love is most unsearchable
And dazzles all above;
They gaze but cannot count or tell
The treasures of thy love.
Apophatic theology is an important restraint on that human impulse, particularly strong in accomplished theologians, to reduce God’s immensity to manageable theological proportions. What P T Forsyth calls our ‘lust for lucidity’. In Charles Wesley’s theology of praise and worship there is an important expression of apophatic thinking. At times worship for Wesley is a willingness to glory, not in what we know, but in what we cannot know; a celebration not of understood certainties but of incomprehensible mysteries; a contented acceptance not of doctrinal precision but of personally appropriated spiritual experience.
Mystery is an essential element in Christian theology, a necessary safeguard that, like the angel at the garden of Eden, prevents us from ever presuming to go where we have no right to go. Amongst the priorities in contemporary worship songs and hymns, is a rediscovery of a proper reticence, a willingness to live with and within a mystery that baffles, bewilders and captivates. How about some apophatic praise songs then?
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