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  • A Long reflection on the General Election in Three Parts. Part 1

    All my life I have been interested in politics. I don't mean curious, I mean taking an interest because I have an interest in how my life is affected by political decisions and policies. My father and mother were passionately Labour, hard to be otherwise as farm workers in rural Ayrshire. From them I learned the importance of co-operation in working towards a better life for everyone; mum did all her shopping at the Co-operative, an institution founded on values and ideals close to the heart of working folk. From them I also learned the generosity and sheer hard work of those who don't have much, but who have learned how to share, support and above all respect the dignity of people irrespective of income, possessions, address or social background.

    I still remember when I was about 6 years of age, the farmer regularly came down to our house at Saturday around lunch time and handed my dad his wages, peeled from a large wad of banknotes. I wondered why he had so much, and my dad who worked so hard had so little. Call it the politics of envy, but that was the beginning of a deep questioning that would later find ethical, theological and political concepts that enabled that question to be asked with deeper intent and intellectual passion.

    Lapel tgwuBy the time I left school aged 15 and was working in a brickworks, I was elected a shop steward for the TGWU, a role I fulfilled with teenage over-seriousness but supported by a labour workforce of around 50 rough and ready men whose aims in life seemed no higher or further than the next wage packet. My appointment as a local Union Rep was due to my ability to argue, listen and argue better. While there I studied for my O Levels and Highers and made a late entry into University at age 20. The years studying Moral Philosophy, Scottish History and Social Administration were formative in ways that have permanently set my inner compass towards the magnetic North of social justice and ethical politics (not an oxymoron).

    Bob-Holman-008Teachers such as Bob Holman and Kay Carmichael taught me the important lesson of impatience. When it comes to issues of care for the poor, looking out for and speaking up for the vulnerable, being open and welcoming to other people who are human as I am, wanting the best for their families as I do, looking for a chance to live in a fairer and safer society, then patience can easily become indifference. In an unjust world passivity is collusion with a system set up in structures that do not allow for the flourishing of each human person.  Long before privatisation of the NHS became such a controversial political debate, and long before benefit sanctions, Holman and Carmichael were out there arguing and gathering evidence to demonstrate the realities of poverty, the necessity of a compassionate benefits system and the absolute duty of Government to lift children out of the poverty trap, and all the social disadvantages that flow from early deprivations.

    And so as a recently converted follower of Jesus, of the limited and narrow evangelicalism of the early 1970's and central Lanarkshire, I was confronted by two lecturers who sounded more like Amos and Isaiah than any preachers I had so far heard on a Sunday. Holman's faith was never overt in class, but we knew he lived in Easterhouse, helped people find their way thropugh the Social Security maze, was a powerful advocate and eloquent and not easily intimidated voice for the poor who lived all around him on that housing estate. He taught me that following Jesus is about justice, righteousness, compassion, generosity, moral imagination, and though the phrase only came later, speaking truth to power.

    Kay-carmichael1Carmichael took us through the politics of poverty, the economics of welfare, the psychology of selfishness, the sociology of power, and made an unforgettable impression when she went incognito as a homeless woman to test the responses of the Social Secutity system in the east end of Glasgow. The resulting TV documentary was damning, exposing the lack of respect, evident indifference, bureaucratic obstructiveness and pervasive lack of hopefulness and helpfulness in a system failing those for whom it was created.

    So no wonder I am pondering the results of the Election. I have deep questions about a population that affirms the policies of these past 5 years. Not that the years before were perfect or without that far more telling deficit, in ethical and morally principled politics. But the health of the NHS, the compassionate provision for the poor and the vulnerable, the social justice imperative that seeks to ensure a basic social security as a right – these are now principles of social organisation that for me are ethical, political and more importantly theological. And they are not prominent in the actualities and realities of what is actually happening.

    ImagesWhich brings me to the current status quo. The new god on the block called Austerity, accompanied by its demanding consort Deficit Reduction, is to be challenged as to its veracity, legitimacy and efficacy. Like the false Gods in Isaiah 46, Bel and Nebo, they are gods who have to be carried around, carted as burdens and hindrances. Isaiah proclaims a contrast – we can be the people who carry our Gods, or trust the God who carries his people. And don't spiritualise that into an apolitical spirituality. Isaiah was talking about the economy, the monarchy, the temple, the city and its courts and markets – these would come under the judgement of God. Part of my pondering concerns the nature and the timing of God's judgement on societies in our time which behave in ways mirrored in Isaiah, Micah and Amos – the trampling of the poor, the selling of people's liveliehoods for the price of a pair of trainers, neglecting the care of the widow (for which read immigrant, asylum seeker, benefit sanctioned single mother) appropriating land and goods into the hands of fewer and fewer. Is that a naive Hermeneutic? Perhaps. But perhaps not. Before deciding read Matthew 25. 31-46.

  • The Clouds as Harbingers of Mercy, and Judgement.

    DSC01831-1I remember Radio Four Test Cricket Special, and the commentators filling in during rain delays with coversation and relaxed observations about life, the world and what is so about the loveably human. The hilarious spoof commentary on an empty crisp packet blowing across the wicket, and the discussions and disagreements about the colour, and therefore the flavour to be deduced providing they accurately identified the brand. On another occasion some virtuoso informed descriptions of clour formations, the different types of cloud, their various rain-bearing possibilities, and the memorable reference to the audience as 'cloud connoiseurs', whom they assumed to be listening intently to descriptions of that which they could not see, which were fleeting in shape and position, and transient structures of air and water with no significance whatsoever to the personal lives of the listeners.

    I am, I confess, a cloud connoisseur. And the turth is the image of a clouded sky is an important metaphor in my own inner life, emotionally, spiritually and intellectually. Mary Oliver, (who else if you want a visionary description) is characteristically celebratory.

    How good

    that the clouds travel, as they do,

    like the long dresses of the angels

    of our imagination

     

    or gather in storm masses, then break

    with the gifts of replenishment.

    DSC01719She is right. The use of clouds as a metaphor of forebodiing, trouble or gloom is to do a great disservice to one of the great images of hope. That feaful saint, the poet William Cowper could write with terrifying fear of the menace and destructive force of storm clouds. But in one of his finest hymns he redeems the clouds by exactly the same technique as Mary Oliver.

    You fearful saints, fresh courage take;
    The clouds you so much dread
    Are big with mercy and will break
    In blessing on your head.

    Rain is replenishment; clouds are harbingers of mercy; indeed rainless clouds are seen as vaccuous and deceiving. It's the clouds heavy with rain that are most replete with blessing. 

    At a different level altogether the cloud is the place where God hides, and our of which God speaks, whether on Sinai or on the Mount of Transfiguration. No one can see God and live so the cloud hides the blinding and annihilating holiness of God at Sinai, and thereafter is the symbol of the resident presence of God in the Holy of Holies of the Tabernacle; and it is the cloud which hides the mystery of the Father who speaks love to the beloved Son on Mount Tabor. All of this and more lies behind Cowper's hymn, and on a less intense level, Oliver's sense of a benevolent Creation.

    For myself, I gladly concur with this positive view of clouds. I am a cloud connoisseur because their very transience and impermanence mean the skyscape of my life, like the sky above, is never fixed, but figures and reconfigures, and yet the faithful God is creatively present, even when hidden. I am with that whimsical cloud lover Gavin Pretor-Pinney who wrote the remarkable The Cloudpsotter's Guide. "The humble Cumulus humilis – never hurt a soul" I'm with him even more when he takes a swipe at the unthinking positivists who yearn for permanent blue skies. “We pledge to fight 'blue-sky thinking wherever we find it. Life would be dull if we had to look up at cloudless monotony day after day.”

    DSC00722God did not call us to cloudless monotony and blue sky thinking. Our calling is to live beneath the variable skies, to be cloud connoisseurs, seeing them as big with mercy, sources of replenishment, hints, clues and nudges in the direction of the God whose mercy is such that he stays a safe distance from us, and in Jesus has come cloer than we are to ourselves.

    But yes, Cowper understood, more acutely than the pseudo-secular superficiality of our contemporaries, so dismissive or simply unaware of sin as a reality in human heart, experience and culture. He knew, and we may have to learn once again,that dark clouds are also harbingers of storm, judgement and the reality of a God whose presence is described best in the images of cloud, obscurity, power and weather fronts made up of the consequences and cost of an atheism whose evidence is in a ruined and ravaged creation. That's the thing with images such as clouds – they have an ambiguity and fluidity just as unpredictable and liable to change as that which they signify. God is a God of mercy, and judgement. The One whose chariot is the coulds is to be approached in faith, and with fear; and we do well to remember, the cloud makes possible the rainbow. 

  • When a Walk on The Beach becomes a Prayer of Aspiration.

    DSC02855I've just spent the day up on the Moray coast, mainly in Banff. One of my favourite places is the long beach that runs from Banff to Whitehills. It starts off as rocks, then pebble shores and eventually becomes a mile long stretch of sand that is flat, hard and wonderful to walk on. The sky and the water are deeply responsive to each other's colour, and while it's probably an obvious observation, in Banff blue is unmistakably blue when the sun is shining. Is it to do with the cascading light, reflection on water that always seems restlessly energetic, the northerly aspect of a coast that looks towards the Arctic Circle for its next land mass – I'm not sure.

    DSC02872But what is unmistakably true for me is the sense of gratitude and peace that comes from walking a beach like this. The rhythm of waves arriving and withdrawing, and the sound of pebbles pushed and pulled in the forward impetus and backward suction, unforgettably described by Arnold in his poem Dover Beach as the sea of faith's long withdrawing roar; for me the sound has no melancholy, quite the opposite. I am inwardly reconfigured by the rhythm of waves; my inner longings align with the give and take, the push and pull, the restless energy and rhythmic regularity of the sea as it surrounds but does not overwhelm the shoreline.

    Anne Morrow Lindbergh's classic Gift from the Sea is her reflective account of a holiday spent on a Florida island in the early 1950's. She too found the sea to have its own rhythms, voices and gifts. The book is a long essay of reflections on shells found on the shoreline, opening up areas of our experience such as solitude, self-care, contentment and the kindness that alone can bring healing and restoration after sorrow and loss. It is a beautiful and unusual display of emotional frankness and that combination of commonsense and imaginative helpfulness that we call compassion.

    DSC02863When considering the ebb and flow of the sea, and of that inner ocean of our emotional and spiritual lives, Lindbergh often spoke with disconcerting honesty: “I would like to achieve a state of inner spiritual grace from which I could function and give as I was meant to in the eye of God.” Beside the sea, I have that same sense of looking on vastness and potential, an energy and rhythm of created things which is indifferent to those inner distractions and unsettling anxieties that get in the way of living, just that, living, without all the self-questioning and examination. To "function and give as I am meant to be in the eye of God" is no small aspiration, and yet that is precisely what Christians mean when we talk of grace, new creation, hope and faith and love.

    Walking by the sea, listening to the waves, watching the water roll and tumble and give its energy till it is spent, and allowing my mind and heart to align with those same movements, is for me a deep form of prayer. It reminds me of Robert Herrick's poem, long a favourite, written at the time when new worlds were being discovered and explored across the oceans of the earth:

    God's Mercy

    Gods boundlesse mercy is, to sinfull man,
    Like to the ever wealthy ocean:
    Which though it sends forth thousand streams, 'tis n'ere
    Known,or els seen to be the emptier:
    And though it takes all in, 'tis yet no more
    Full, and fild-full, then when full-fild before..

    DSC02881

  • Two Women Writing Systematic Theology – The Refreshing of the Streams

    Blake-trinity2Amongst the major and to be welcomed changes in theological scholarship during my own years as a theologian has been the increasing presence of women in the discussions. In particular systematic theology has been dominated by male and western voices, some of them massively powerful and projecting a dominant model of theology as intellectually conceptualised, structurally coherent, often enough abstract and theoretic, speculative or dogmatically constrained. From Barth to Brunner to Jungel to Pannenberg, Otto Weber to Hendrikus Berkhof, Jenson to Moltmann, Rahner to Von Balthasar, McClendon to D J Hall, Oden to MacQuarrie, Karkkainen to Schwarz, I've spent decades wading, swimming and sometimes drowning in those vast pools of thought.

    Now two series of Systematic Theology written by women are launched, offering quite different perspectives and expressing with freshness and confidence, approaches to theology that hold much promise to take us beyond the accepted and at times tired paths of everything else on offer. It isn't that women haven't been present in the discussions until now. Names like Catherine Lacugna, Elizabeth Johnson, Kathryn Tanner, Ellen Charry, Frances Young and Dorothee Soelle have been gifts to the church for years. But to my knowledge Sarah Coakley, and now Katherine Sonderegger, are the first women theologians to attempt multi-volume projects of sytematic theology.

    Sarah_coakley_080813_0_450Coakley's first volume, God, Sexuality and the Self. An Essay on the Trinity, is an exploration of human desire for wholeness, intimacy, completion and love. Augustine's cry of the heart, "Thou hast made us for thyself, and our hearts are restless till they rest in thee", is a recognition that human longing, desire and ache for union with others reflects the same attraction and longing for God. Now of course her account is more sophisticated and developed than that shorthand, but what I find intriguing is a theologian unafraid to do theology not only with the cognitive but also with the affective ways of knowing that are part of a whole human experience of understanding and wisdom.

    This is theology forged, self-consciously and intentionally, in contemplation, prayer and lectio divina, and shaped against the realities and intricacies and ambiguities of our very human experience. Part of my question arises from the hunch that this is one of the gains when theology is written by a woman who has undoubted intellectual credentials, but who uses them in conjunction with other valid and viable ways of knowing God and reflecting on life experience in the light of God's revelation in Christ. 

    In May this year, as I mentioned in yesterday's post, Katherine Sonderegger will publish the first volume of her systematic theology, also on the doctrine of God. Having heard her yesterday she will provide an account of God as creator, redeemer and as love in the eternal relations of Father, Son and Spirit. I sense in her whole style of doing theology another step back from the monumental intellectual constructions of Barth, Pannenberg, Jenson and the rest of the theological pantheon that often illumines and sometimes obscures the landscape of modern theology.

    There is more of this to come on the blog here; for now I am contentedly excited at the thought of engaging with these two works in progress.        

  • Professor Katherine Sonderegger – The Theological Highlight of My Year So Far.

    I've spent the last few days at the Eternal God – Eternal Life conference at the University of Aberdeen. Various scholarly papers ranging from analytic philosophy to bio-ethics and technology to systematic theology, were the primary forms of delivery and discussion. The quality and accessibility was likewise varied and I guess we all have our preferences, personal interests, prevailing presuppositions and particular expectations. But it was the standout paper which set my interest alight. I've heard many a lecture in my time and a very few of them have made a permanent place in the memory as perspective changing and truly transformative of a subject area. This lecture was one of these.

    This morning Professor Katherine Sonderegger from Virginia Theological Seminary spoke "Toward a Theology of Resurrection". From the first sentences of reflection on Hopkins' poem God's Grandeur we were in the hands of a theologian whose roots go deep down into the soil and compost of the Christian tradition, and produces food for thought that is edible, assimilable, nourishing and plentiful. This was a magnificent lecture on creation, human life and longing, and the good God who has set eternity in human hearts, and created a hunger for God and righteousness that makes the heart restless and incomplete. Indeed the idea that heaven may be a place of comprehensive fulfilment, completed perfection, speaks of a stasis and fixity that does no justice to our creatureliness, or to the Creator's overflowing purposefulness, and would lead to a creation that would become a "finished futility", my words taken from P T Forsyth.

    For a large part of the paper Sonderegger explored the nature of love and longing, of relatedness and connection, and of our lived experience on earth of broken connection, relations gone wrong, a view of the world, people and other creatures as functional and utilitarian that is ultimately reductionist of what it means to be God's creature with eternity in our hearts. The coming of God in Christ, and the forward thrust of reconciliation and redemption through cross and resurrection, point us towards a different kind of ressurected reality when what will be fulfilled will be our capacity for relatedness, a completion that is organic and dynamic, in which growth is part of the completeness of the creature, eternally frowing into the life and fellowship with all that is which we might call eternal life.

    It is very difficult to convey the passionate thoughtfulness, biblical erudition, theological confidence rooted in intellectual humility, all of which informed and shaped this paper. At some stage this paper will be published, and when it is I will make it known here. Meantime I am grateful for the privilege of having heard a theologian articulate and enrich the Christian understanding of the new thing that God is and will do in Jesus Christ. Eschatology is too often esoteric in conceptuality, speculative in exposition and analytic in its preoccupation with metaphysics, epistemology and over-rationalised curiosities. This was a lesson in theology that is dogmatically constructive, imaginative and visionary, biblical in parameters and pastoral in orientation. I can easily take much of what she was saying and build deep gospel responses to those who are bereaved, dying, or suffering the deep sense of bewildered anxieties generated by our self-contained culture with its limited and limiting worldview.

  • The Tragedy of the Mediterranean Migrants and the Erosion of Moral Boundaries in Election Campaigns.

    RefugeeThe tragedy of the Mediterranean migrants became a political character attack yesterday. Whether because the Labour party mischievously released a press statement knowing Ed Miliband would say something more nuanced and less specific in its criticism; or because it was an honest statement which Conservatives mischievously misinterpreted and misrepresented in order to accuse Ed Miliband of gross distaste akin to, but even worse than UKIP. Or just because the pursuit of power in this country has become a dirty, corrupting, frantic ego-fest, driven by the greed of vested interests, divisive fear-mongering about the SNP, and the dissolution of public trust in any of the political parties because that same dissolution is caused by disillusion. 

    As a follower of Jesus Christ I couldn't be less interested in the shoddy shenanigans of politicians, media and spin. They can argue all they like about who was going to say what, who said what, and what the public should think about who said what. There's something tragic and morally indefensible about the focus and energy being on blame and finger pointing for poltical advantage, when every day desperate people are fleeing from the danger and misery of their home country and risking a 50% chance of death or enforced return, by paying traffickers to bring them to Europe.

    I am troubled by the varied use of the words to describe this misery. Are these people migrants or refugees? Are they seeking a change of economic opportunity or refuge? Are they driven by economic aspiration or despair? What drives whole families to risk death on the sea or utter misery if they survive and are returned? These are questions I ask because my worldview is theological as well as economic, geographic, ethical and social.There is all the difference in the world, a world of difference, in the words we use, because human beings are dying of desperation. And as a wise Jewish philosopher said that every time a human being dies, a world dies.

    Theologically that is intolerable. Every human being is created in the image of God and has inherent worth, to be respected, cared for and given the chance for life. God incarnate in Jesus Christ confers on God's creation and on human destiny a dignity and hope that is carried into the heart of the Creator and Redeemer God. God was in Christ reconciling the world to himself, making peace by the blood of the Cross, and to put it in evangelical terms, every human being is one for whom Christ died. As followers of the crucified and risen Lord I am for life, and part of that is the welcome to the stranger, compassion for the suffering, justice for the oppressed, and mercy to those who otherwise have no further hope.

    I am haunted by those words of Christ when the nations gather for Judgement: "For I was hungry and you gave me nothing to eat; I was thirsty and you gave me nothing to drink; I was a stranger and you did not invite me in, I needed clothes and you did not clothe me, I was sick and in prison and you did not visit me." I am haunted because this parable is about the nations; it is a wanring to the intenrational community as well as a caution to every individual person in their ways of treating others.

    So I am ashamed of our politicians. Doubly ashamed that in the 21st Century this election campaign has up till now largely ignored Foreign Policy as a matter for serious political debate, until this nasty piece of rhetorical posturing exploded into toxic personal attack. Miliband and Cameron are not the news that matters here. The mess in Libya, Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, the Pakistan Border and the relentless inhumanity of ISIS are the issues. Refugees fleeing danger, death and the mayhem of tribal warfare is nothing new – but the scale of it in the modern era is undoubtedly a problem stretching beyond the apparent scope of the national, economic and moral imaginations of the international community.

    Do I have practical answers? A few, but they would be based on my own limited perceptions, ignorance of the intricacies of international law, a passion for human rights being upheld as a universal obligation, and a lack of practical power to make things happen. What I do have is a high view of the value of each human being, and a sense of political resposibility to vote for those who demonstrate a will, capacity and conscience to resist the self interested economic and political pressures to ignore our responsibilities to those who are refugees with nowhere else to go. So far I've heard very little fro any party about such a moral vision for the world beyond these increasingly self-absorbed, reactionary and in recent years isolationist shores.    

  • John Wesley – A Celebration of the Father of Methodism

    DSC02828"It were well you should be thoroughly sensible of this, — 'the heaven of heavens is love.'

    There is nothing higher in religion; there is, in effect, nothing else; if you look for anything but more love, you are looking wide of the mark, you are getting out of the royal way…

    Settle it then in your heart, that from the moment God has saved you from all sin, you are to aim at nothing more, but more of that love described in the thirteenth of the Corinthians.You can go no higher than this, till you are carried into Abraham's bosom."

    (John Wesley, A Plain Account of Christian Perfection, Section 25. Question 33)

    …………………..

    The plate is a mid-Victorian cockle plate, a gift from Sheila, the mug was bought at Gwennap Pit, and the Oxford Critical Edition of the Hymns is one of my most treasured and used possessions.

  • Sanitation and Sanctification

    IMG_0108Trust the Quakers to take every opportunity to remind us of the basic needs of human life for others.

    The photo was taken in the Gents, in the Quaker Study Centre in Birmingham,  strategically placed so you can't miss it!

    This also is the Micah principle, acting justly and loving mercy. Hygiene, disease control, conferring dignity and safety, are life-saving ways of loving our neighbours.

    Sometimes in our devotions it's better to thank God for blessings basic and necessary, than the highly spiritualised blessings we often associate with prayer.

    For millions sanitation is as much a blessing as sanctification.

     

     

  • Gethsemane and Our IPhones.

    TextingGethsemane was the dark night of Jesus' soul. Fear and anxiety distilled into dread. "He who knew no sin became sin that we might become in him the righteousness of God."

    So why use a cartoon to illustrate an incident so dripping with anguish? Because sometimes the superficial and trivial helps us finally 'get it'. Jesus needed faithful companionship, unselfish attentiveness, comfort and reassurance that he wasn't alone.

    The iphone and tablet are becoming the equivalent of self-concerned complacency. The gift of a person's presence is spurned for a digital screen, its glow preferred to the face of a friend.

  • Immigration and Friendship: Words that Redescribe the World.

    DSC02815-1Immigration is a central issue in the UK elections. This is a scandal, a stumbling block to the building of community in with otherness is welcomed. To use our fear of the other, and provoke our selfishness and hostility, as a way to win power is to subvert democracy by the tactics of hate.

    The book I was reading outside this morning, has a different, life-affirming and generous perspective, encouraging "the unanxious engagement with the other who is indeed threat, but also gift, possibility and resource." Thank God for Walter Brueggemann, and a Word that redescribes the world!

    (Walter Brueggemann, The Word that Redescribes the World. The Bible and Discipleship ( Minneapolis: Fortress, 2006) page 186.