Blog

  • A Philosophical Theology of Prayer.

    I don't enjoy many books about prayer. That doesn't mean there aren't any good ones, just that I'm not sure one ever helped me to pray more, or better. I'd rather have a book of prayers that have been composed, written and prayed in language rich with those human experiences out of which prayer erupts, or is dragged, or writes itself in word and emotion that is the human heart seeking encounter with the heart of God.

    DurerWhen a renowned philosopher whose works on Theism are mind stretchingly challenging decides to explore the basis of Christian prayer, then I don't expect another how to manual, nor another here's my experience, it was great and I'd like you to have it too bestseller. Which is good – because this book is quite different. Owen is unafraid of the theological and philosophical questions raised by our praying – telling God what God already knows, asking for what is in our own interests, establishing any causal connection between our praying and whatever happens that we perceive as an answer to prayer. The main thrust of the book is that prayer is best, perhaps only, understood, in the light of our doctrine of God and our theological conception of what a human being is, and what the relations between God and humanity are, should be and perhaps must be.

    I learned so much from this book – The Basis of Christian Prayer, H P Owen (Regent College Pubblishing). Not about how to pray but about what prayer is, about the One to whom prayer is offered, and about the relational interchange that takes place between God and those who dare, and who desire, to address the God who first addresses us. "Prayer validates a personal, as against a non personal view of God. In prayer we address God as Thou." A page later (p.111) Owen quotes a most moving prayer of Anselm, from the Proslogion:

    O God, I pray, let me know and love you

    so that I may rejoice in you.

    And if I cannot in this life fully,

    let me advance day by day

    until the point of fullness comes.

    Let knowledge of you progress in me here,

    and be made full there.

    Let love for you grow in me here,

    and be made full there,

    so that here my joy may be great with expectancy

    while there being full in realisation.

    If there is such a thing as an eschatological spirituality, Then Anselm has gifted to the church a prayer that holds the Christian heart in that creative tension between now and then, here and there, Thou – and I.

    Durer's Praying Hands (above) suffers from over-exposure on Christian kitsch products fro m wall plaques to plastic models. But in the original etching the artist combines beauty with beseeching, peace with tension, surrender and expectancy – and few images are more evocative of our humanity than our hands, with which we make and caress, hold and relinquish, clench and open, embrace or exclude. To lift up holy hands in prayer, is therefore no straightforward spiritual exercise.

  • Afghanistan – our hearts diminished by the deaths of others

    Pieta4Vengeance is a visceral and violent response to what is perceived as morally unacceptable. Those who say vengeance is itself ethically indefensible adopt a moral standpoint that sometimes overlooks the complex mixture of tragic loss, indescribable suffering, inexplicable wickedness and downright dehumanising violence that triggers the desire to pay back, to seek satisfaction, to punish, to lash out in rage at those who perpetrate violent cruelty and mindless slaughter on other human beings.

    The Taliban have sworn vengeance on coalition forces in Afghanistan following the brutal murder of 16 Afghan civilians by one US soldier. Expressions of shock, regret, condolence and determined pursuit of explanation and justice are not likely to break the power circuits that trigger chain reaction violence. The tragic nihilism of cyclic hatred and self-perpetuating violence simply means more people will be maimed and murdered as a way of putting right what is universally recognised as wrong. Moral cliches like two wrongs don't make a right overlooks the all but irresistible urge, erupting from the molten core of human pain, to redress the balance of one community's grief by inflicting equivalent grief on the other. This isn't about reasoned calculation, but an instinctive scream of rage at the facelessness of fate, and the known human face of the enemy. There are no words I as a Christian can offer to the Afghan people, other than those of the penitent, the sorrowful and the heart diminished by the deaths of others.

    Neither are there words I can use to comment on the deaths of seven young British soldiers, killed by that same vengeance seeking Taliban. The oscillation of rage and outrage, makes it impossible to speak words that would be heard. The desperate search to find some tenuous strands of hope that can somehow be woven together, requires not so much words spoken, as heart going out to heart. And the abyss of sorrow and loss into which relatives are plunged, place a finger over our lips, so that nothing is uttered that interrupts the necessary anguished work of grieving. Perhaps all we can say, and should say, and must say, are those words that must always be said with utmost honesty, sincerity and awareness of what goes on in our own hearts:

          Kyrie eleison, Christe eleison, Kyrie eleison.

    I have in my study a station of the cross panel, of Jesus being crucified, a gift from Professor Sandy Stoddart. It is a powerful statement through understatement, of the brutal banality of human cruelty. Not vengeance, but forgiveness, not hatred but love, not power but vulnerability, and not punishmment but mercy, are the springs that move the heart of God. At my best, I look out at our world, and pray "Father forgive them, for they know not what they do". Other times I look at that same world filled with despair because, more often than I might think, they know exactly what they do, and I find it harder to pray for their forgiveness.

     

  • The kindness of strangers to strangers…..

    Dont-let-the-worldNow here's something that doesn't happen every day. Monday was the best day this week, and I'd promised a friend we'd go out on the bikes for the first time after the winter. But the tyres of the bikes were soft and the pump connector unhelpfully burst – and it was well after 5pm.

    So in the car and out to look for a bike shop. Thought we'd found one at 5.30 but could only park across the road in a side street in the last space. The rush hour in full swing, the cars kept coming and the pedestrian crossing was a ways down the street. Finally got to the shop but the lights had gone out and the door locked. Looked in the window and the owner came and opened the door and asked if he could help. "No", he apologised – it was mainly a fish tackle shop – but we should try the new bike shop down the road.

    Ran down, hoping it was open, and it was. Asked about the connector, yes he had one. Went to pay for it. Had changed into different clothes and had no money – a suit and tie being less than helpful on a bike!

    "That's ok", he said, "hand it in next time you're passing".

    So in 10 minutes I'd been at a closed shop which opened, been kindly directed to an open shop but had no money, and still came away with a pump connector because the owner took a risk and trusted.

    There are days when it's all worth it – the hassle, the conveyor belt of stuff we all try to handle, the couldn't care-less-ness of much that passes for service in our recession ridden times. But the sun was shining, a closed shop was opened, a £3 connector was given away on trust.

    As we walked up the street we waved to the owners of the fish tackle shop, and got the thumbs up. And eventually got half an hour on the bikes before the sun set. The sun which shines on the righteous…..I know the rest of the verse about also on the unrighteous, but on Monday according to the Torah, these folk had been kind to strangers, and multiplied happiness, which is pretty righteous!

    The bike shop in question is Thomson's – its website is over here. If you live near Paisley I can recommend it for customer service and downright helpfulness – it also has loadsa bikes!

  • A Plea for Foolishness as a More Durable Wisdom?

    Tokenz-dealwd023This was published 50 years ago – tell me if it is now obsolete, dated, passe? I have broken up what is otherwise a sustained and relentless paragraph in critique of a fundamental assumption of contemporary Western existence. You may have to read it more than once – that may be because it seeks to expose what we would rather not see.

    The whole modern world is one great campaign against risk and uncertainty; as a money dominated world, it is a world of life insurance. 'The modern world as a whole is a world which thinks only about its own old age. It is a monstrous old people's home, an institution for pensioners.

    In economics, politics, and constitutional law, as in ethics, psychology and metaphysics, we should, if only we had better eyes, be able to see one thing and one thing only: how much this terrible need for peace and quiet is invariably a principle of enslavement. It is always freedom that has to pay the bill. It is always money that is the master. The glorious insecurity of the present is always sacrificed to the security of the moment immediately following.

    That is the real psychology of the contemporary idea of progress: man would like to live his life in the future, to live in advance of the event, so making his present into his past. Taking thought for the morrow, saving for the morrow, actually means throwing away its freedom, castrating its potency and fertility, which are the supreme blessings for human beings.

    Every financial transaction is an expense of spirit; the only genuine miser, storing up his treasures, is the lover. This is the most profound teaching of the the Gospel. And we are so much under the domination of money, the Antichrist, that even when we do not openly name it, we constantly take its name for granted. In this commercial world, everything is commercial, even metaphysics, and theology; they too fall into line and cease to have any true presence in their own right. Christianity, like everything else, is detemporalised and thereby deprived of its 'salt'.

    Avarice in the form of anxiety about tomorrow is the lord of all the world. The drying up of the heart makes itself felt both temporally and spiritually. The person who rejects the fluiditiy of the living heart, preferring the rigidity of money and conceptual thought, has already chosen the other kind of fluidity, the liquefaction of the corpse.

    The question is simply what in any given world is a commercial commodity and what is not. It is by this standard that every world will be judged.

    Hans Urs Von Balthasar, The Glory of the Lord III A Theological Aesthetics. Studies in theological Style: Lay Styles, (San Francisco: Crossroads) 1986, pages 478-9

    Now I guess you could say those are the words of a grumpy old theologian, and that may be so. And it does seem a wholesale condemnation of economic activity for its own sake. But is he wrong? Does he exaggerate to the point where he can be ignored?

    Jesus said you cannot serve God and money – so how do we follow faithfully after Jesus in a money dominated culture? What would be the signs that our allegiances are at times tested to the point of capitulation? In the work of the Kingdom of God, how important are financial questions of profit and loss, assurance and risk, generosity and prudence – and should the Church learn again the counter intuitive practices of giving away, free gift, reckless compassion, unlocked resources – and those as acts of freedom and declarations of independence from a cash dominant culture. 

    Or is that the idealism of the fool, the naivete of the enthusdiast, the behaviour of one devoid of any practical, viable and responsible strategy? But maybe the strategy is precisely this, the sacramental use of money and possessions to subvert the secular sacraments of compulsive consumption within the free market by deliberate decisions and intentional actions that demonstrate a Christian use of money.

    If there is such a thing?

     

  • Faith as Persuasion Rather than Certainty

    DSC00462When I was a Christian only a few months I picked up an old Bible in the church I had started going to. Out of it fell a bookmark which if I had kept it, would have been placed alongside other important sacramental objects on my desk, or inside books, or in the top drawer of my desk. I have a very select collection of these souvenirs picked up on my own journey. They are triggers of memory, aides memoires for past blessings, small objects of wonder which when handled kindle gratitude and encourage quiet thoughtfulness. About God, love, friendship, the beauty and gift of life.

    Of course I didn't keep that bookmark, one of those vulgar gaudy plastic God reminders- I put it back into the Bible, but not before making sure I remembered the Bible verses written on it.

    "For I am persuaded, that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, nor things to come, nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature, shall be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord."

    I wrote those from memory – I still have a head full of verses shaped by the rhythms and cadences of that old translation – I know them off by heart, which is not a bad way of knowing them.

    This morning I was reading Maya Angelou's delightful collection of essays and vignettes, Wouldn't Take Nothing for My Journey Now, and I came across a paragraph that took me back to that epiphanic moment at the back of the church, holding a bookmark that told me something I too often forget.

    "I knew that if God loved me, then I could do wonderful things, I could try great things, learn anything, achieve anything. For what could stand against me with God, since one person, any person with God, constitutes the majority.

    That knowledge humbles me, and makes my teeth rock loosely in their gums. And it also liberates me. I am a big bird winging over high mountains, down into serene valleys. I am ripples of waves on silver seas. I'm a spring leaf trembling in anticipation."

    Sometimes God's Word comes in one word, and for me it was the word "persuaded".

    "For I am persuaded…."

    Faith is a living persuasion not a dead certainty, and is often more about beingopen to persuasion than already being absolutely sure. And trust presupposes that if I truly believe something I will be prepared to take personal risks on evidence that persuades me. That's what Paul meant, and what Maya Angelou celebrated - they knew what they believed off by heart. It's a good place to stand, that affirmation of faith, For I am persuaded…..

  • Recently noted good bits in books I’ve used

    Flute"At Assisi once, when a theologian attacked Fra Egidio by the usual formal arrangement of syllogisms, the brother waited till the conclusions were laid down, and then, taking out a flute from the folds of his robe, he played his answer in rustic melodies."

    Quoted in Eugene Peterson, Reversed Thunder. The Revelation of John and the Praying Imagination (San Francisco: Harper Collins), 1991.   Peterson has never written a better book.

    …….

     

     

     

     

     

    "Do you want to know what goes on at the heart of the Trinity?

    I'll tell you.

    At the heart of the Trinity,

    the Father laughs and gives borth to the Son.

    The Son then laughs back at the Father,

    and gives birth to the Spirit.

    Then the whole Trinity laughs,

    and gives birth to us."

    Meister Eckhart (1260-1327)  

    I know. Eckhart jumps right into the filoque controversy despite the playful language. Still like the idea of laughter as creative and life-giving though!

    Trout-fishing-tactics…..

    "A shallow mind is a sin against God", Chaim Potok, In the Beginning.

    Potok was one of the finest interpreters of Hasidic Judaism, and his novels remain a source of delight and instruction for me. But don't read them if you have a shallow mind – they move in a world of spiritual intensity and serious reflection on the collision between faith convictions and the pressures towards cultural accommodation. His novel, My Name is Asher Lev, is I think a masterpiece as an account of a young man growing up under the dilemma of being faithful to his artistic calling and remaining within the community that confers identity.

  • Fair Trade bananas and Unfair Radio Interviews

    BananasIt's Monday morning but that's not why I'm taking issue with Radio Scotland. This morning at about 18 minutes to 8 there was a discussion about Fair Trade towns and shops, and the Chief Executive of Fair Trade was explaining how buying Fair Trade goods helps local farmers in the producing countries. Several times the Radio Scotland interviewer asked about fair trade goods being a bit more expensive. Each time he was given an answer that showed why his assertion wasn't true, or wasn't the whole truth.

    Once the Fair Trade spokeswoman was off air, he came back saying he was still convinced that Fair Trade goods were a bit more expensive. Now apart from the unfairness of taking the last word to contradict the person interviewed, I have another complaint.

    Health warning – long sentence looming. If something is called Fair Trade, and it does cost a bit more (I say this without conceding the point), but let's say for argument it is a bit more expensive – shouldn't it be rather obvious to someone who is supposed to be clued up on finance, business, trade, the market, and who is supposed to report on National Radio, news and not personal opinion unsupported by evidence other than his own anecdotal impressions, wouldn't it occur to such a person that in a market where there is unfairness, that to achieve cheap prices Fair Trade goods may well cost a bit more, and that is the acceptable premium for trading fairly, and is an ethical choice to be made by the buyer? Fair Trade is about the purchaser playing fair, not going for the cheapest and to hang with the consequences for the producer.

    All of which is not to concede the point that Fair Trade bananas are more expensive than other commercial options. But even if they are more expensive to the buyer, me … isn't there an obvious, and morally significant explanation, and an ethical reason for paying a fair price, not the cheapest price? The idea that fair trade and cheapest price are always or ever compatible is an economic chimera out there in the market. 

    But please, Radio Scotland, don't use the privilege of access to  my ears as an opportunity to contradict a guest once they've left the studio. That's not Fair either!

    You can hear the interview for yourself on the BBC Iplayer, Good Morning Scotland at about 1 hour 43 minutes to 46 minutes

  • Happiness and the red circled pronoun

    "Happiness is not made by what we own. It is what we share."

    SacksJonathan Sacks stands in the ancient tradition of Hebrew wisdom, and along with other Jewish sages such as A J Heschel, Chaim Potok and Elie Wiesel, they have taught me many lessons in wise living.

    A wise friend gave me a copy of Celebrating Life, a collection of Jonathan Sacks' columns in The Times. In it he tells of his encounter with the famous Lubavitcher Rebbe. In the waiting room another told him this story.

    Someone had written to the Rebbe in a state of deep depression: "I would like the Rebbe's help. I wake up each day sad and apprehensive. I can't concentrate. I find it hard to pray. I keep the commandments but I find no spiritual satisfaction. I go the synagogue but I feel alone. I begin to wonder what life is about. I need help."

    The Rebbe wrote a brilliant reply without using a single word. He circled the first word of every sentence in red, and sent the letter back. The circled "I" symbolises the ego as the subject of every sentence – now that is a depressing thought.

    I've already made my offering to God of what I'm giving up for Lent. And made my promise of what I'm taking up. But it may well be that what most needs giving up is the first person pronoun as the first word of every blessed sentence!

  • Scunnered: more on tartan existentialism via Haiku

    Some more wisdom from Scunnered:

    ARISTOTLE ON SCOTLAND

    Nature produces

    nothing without good reason:

    except midges and neds.

     

    BLIND MAN'S BLUFF

    Me? Humility?

    Noted for humilty

    me, noted for it.

     

    SEE

    Ordinary folk

    on investigation are

    extraordinary.

     

    And finally….not an answer to Dawkins or Darwin – more a question fatal to the dawkins mindset

    DARWINS PETIT EVOLUTION

    There's no designer

    in evolution. But what

    of clear light of love?

     

    51Ec+623gWL__BO2,204,203,200_PIsitb-sticker-arrow-click,TopRight,35,-76_AA300_SH20_OU02_All taken with thanks from Scunnered, Des Dillon, (Edinburgh: Luath Press, 2011). My book of the Year for the dentist's waiting room, the long checkout queue, an easily held read while drinking coffee on the move, a devotional time when you don't feel particularly devout, placing surreptitiously inside your personal organiser to help you make it through tedious meetings, and nplacing beside the phone for those conversations that go on and on….. just a few suggestions on how to get the best out of this gem.

     

  • Marie Colvin: martyrdom and those who bear witness

    It has been open season on Journalists these past few months. Phone tapping, bribery, the ethics of protecting sources, intrusive surveillance and evasive non-co-operation with various Inquiries. And there's no doubt that some of the sharp edged criticism and public furore has been deserved, just and necessary to clean up a culture that is in danger of simply ignoring people's rights to privacy. protection and the weight of law to replace torn up boundaries and reinforce workable sanctions. That's all fine.

    But the death of Marie Colvin shows Journalism at its very best as an essential vocation in a world where communication networks are now amongst the most potent social and political forces at work across the globe. Global politics are increasingly driven by global communications rapidly gaining in immediacy and pervasiveness. The facebook revolution is now a a widely available trigger for political revolution.

    S-MARIE-COLVIN-largeWhat Marie Colvin was doing was exposing the brutality and cruelty of Syria's President, government and military forces. Her last broadcast vibrated with barely restrained anger. Saint Exupery in Wind, Sand and Stars has a sentence which observes, sorrow and anger are the vibrations that remind us we are still alive. The bombardment of civilians is a war crime – there isn't even a debate about that. Pure and simple tanks, artillery and heavy machine guns turned on unarmed civilians is a violation of international law, a demonstration of inhumanity that must not go unchecked, and a clear signal for the international community to intervene.

    To call the few hundred lightly armed militia an army, and justification for civilian slaughter is to use language in a way that exposes the moral bankruptcy of the Syrian Regime, and the equally shameful moral lethargy of the international community, including our own country. Just what has to happen in a country for the claims of humanity to supercede the interests of political expediency and the slow hand-wringing of sanctions and diplomatic toing and froing.

    A Syrian besieged in the town of Homs spoke of Marie Colvin as a journalist who records and bears witness to the terrible happenings in the town. Fourteen shells landed in the first 30 seconds of the bombardment that started early morning and relentlessly continued throughout the day. But camera pictures, clear informed reporting, the courage and moral passion of the reporters, they are ways of documenting injustice, crimes against humanity, and will lead eventually to indictment. For such witness there is always a price.

    Marie Colvin was killed along with several others, doing what was her calling – reporting, telling, bearing witness, calling power to account, and expressing the outrage of those who witness such unrestrained violence; appealing to those whose responsibility it is to uphold international law, to defend human rights, and maintain a world culture in which determined brutality meets an equally determined truth telling, and encounters a morally equipped opposition that represents the human face, human value, and the steadfast refusal to bystand.