Blog

  • Fearfully and wonderfully made: from poetry to biography to theology

    HopkinsG-129x163 Along with biography as theology, and poetry in relation to theology, I've long made a habit of reading biographical studies of poets! The latest one recently arrived, Paul Mariani's Gerard Manley Hopkins. A Life. I've read two earlier and major biographies of Hopkins, both published a decade and more ago. The argument and thesis of Robert Bernard Martin I found unconvincing in its psychological analysis of Hopkins as a man of anguished spirit and troubled sexuality. Its sub-title A Very Private Life suggests more can be established as fact than is the case. Martin's speculative reconstructions, however well informed and meticulously documented, remain one person's reading of widely acknowledged and major gaps in the data of Hopkins' inner life. The other biography by Norman White is what it says it is, a literary biography laden with literary analysis, just the kind of biography you expect and enjoy from Oxford University Press – long, detailed, erudite. But the danger, not avoided here, is that the scholarship is so overdone, the essential mystery of the person is obscured by a too conscientious thoroughness.

    But I learned a lot from these two writers, especially about what happens when poems are read from different perspectives informed by largely unexamined assumptions. Presuppositionless exegesis, according to Bultmann is impossible – that's as true of poems as biblical texts. Neither biography got to the heart of the man, perhaps because neither took with sufficient seriousness one of the most obvious and definitive facts about Hopkins – he was a man of profound religious devotion, whose poetry gave high expression to some of his hardest questions and most moving confessions. With that as an acknowledged presupposition Paul Mariani has written a quite different biography – resulting in a quite different interpretation of the poems.

    41tZWwW1vyL._SL500_AA240_ Mariani has read and written about Hopkins throughout a long career as a scholar of English Literature in general, poetry in particular, and Hopkins' poetry as a special focus of long attentive study. Hopkins is understood (both empathetically and intellectually), as a religiously intense man, and as a poet whose gift is applied to the mystery of God, the world, the human soul and the woven ambiguities of human existence, and these great truths glimpsed in their frighteningly complex inter-relationships, whether as developing or unravelling pattern. Here is one example – simple, and I think reminiscent of George Herbert in interrogative mood, conscience haunted by assumed failure, longing for assurance yet the longing unresolved – not even by a closed parenthesis and full stop at the end of the poem.

    Poem 94
    Trees by their yield
    Are known: but I –
    My sap is sealed,
    My root is dry.
    If life within
    I none can shew
    (Except for sin),
    Nor fruit above-
    It must be so –
    I do not love.

    Will no one show
    I argued ill?
    Because, although
    Self-sentenced, still
    I keep my trust.
    If He would prove
    And search me through
    Would he not find
    (What yet there must
    be hid behind

    .     .     .     .
    Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins, W H Gardiner (Ed.), Oxford: OUP, 1938, p. 144.

  • The Mossy Oak Camouflage Bible – The What???

    1418534331 Mossy Oak Personal Size Giant Print Bible, NKJV

    Camouflage, Bonded Leather

    "Outdoor enthusiasts now have a Bible from Mossy Oak®!
    The number one brand in camouflage brings their enthusiasm for the
    outdoors together with the passion for God's Word. "It's not a passion.
    It's an obsession." That's the way every Mossy Oak® fan feels about
    their camouflage Bible. Enjoy all of God's creation while reading God's
    Word!" (From the publisher's blurb!)

    Is it just me, or is there something odd to the point of daft about wanting a camouflage Bible?

    Who are we hiding it from?

    And if it is camouflage what's with the big orange packaging?

    More seriously, how come those who say they take the Bible seriously and are passionate about it, (note it's the New King James Version), trivialise by commercialising, and titillating the consumer taste-buds of any niche market with daft dollars to spend, and try to persuade us this is spiritual, OK, sensible. 

    Is an ordinary straightforward pocket size Bible nae use outdoors?

    Does this one have a built in compass? Is it waterproof? 

    Doesn't the Giant Print make it a cumbersome addition to the haversack?

    Published by Thomas Nelson, who also publish the Word Biblical Commentary – but, mercifully, not yet in a camouflage edition.

  • Tom Wright, New Testament Exegesis and music

    Following the good conversations we had about music and exegesis on the Leonard Cohen post a couple of days ago, I came across this paragraph from one of my favourite books, The Interpretation of the New Testament, 1861-1986, Stephen Neill and Tom Wright (OUP, 1988).

    4evangelists "What is it that makes people go on studying the New Testament? Behind all the details of exegesis – of textual criticism, of historical and background studies, even of specific theological debates – the trained ear can hear a counterpoint so fascinating that it compels one to stay where one is and listen. Here, on the one hand, is the busy, running little melody of history: endless detail, constant variety, unexpected surprises, unpredictable people and events. Here, on the other hand, is the slower but richer theme of theology: a powerful sustained tune, taking its time, rising in majestic cadences to its own proper climax. To take another example, and perhaps an appropriate one, from J. S. bach (who after all deserves a place in a book on modern Western interpretation of the New Testament, and not only because of the association in one's mind with Albert Schweitzer), we might think of Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring. Either of the two themes would by itself be worthy of attention. The combination – the tensions as well as the harmonies – is, for those who stop to listen, utterly compelling." ( pages 439-40.)
  • Jesus… “a thousand times more frightening……”

    Maybe
    Sweet Jesus, talking
       his melancholy madness,
          stood up in the boat
             and the sea lay down,

    silky and sorry.
       So everybody was saved
          that night.
             But you know how it is

    when something
       different crosses
          the threshold–the uncles
             mutter together,

    the women walk away,
       the young brother begins
          to sharpen his knife.
             Nobody knows what the soul is.

    It comes and goes
       like the wind over the water–
          sometimes, for days,
             you don't think of it.

    Maybe, after the sermon,
       after the multitude was fed,
          one or two of them felt
             the soul slip forth

    like a tremor of pure sunlight,
       before exhaustion,
          that wants to swallow everything,
             gripped their bones and left them

    miserable and sleepy,
       as they are now, forgetting
          how the wind tore at the sails
             before he rose and talked to it–

    tender and luminous and demanding
       as he always was–
          a thousand times more frightening
             than the killer sea.

    (Mary Oliver, from New and Selected Poems, Volume One, pages 97-98).

    And here is one of my favourite pieces of non-western art that shows Jesus "tender and luminous and demanding as he always was".

    Jesus japan  

  • Leonard Cohen and our human struggles with love, loss and limitation.

    Cohen Recently been listening to Leonard Cohen. Not sure if he's a poet who sings or a singer who writes poetry, or a singer who reads poetry with musical accompaniment, or a poet who uses the range of his voice to make words sing. It's one of the great omissions of my life that I didn't try to work the miracle of getting a ticket for one of last year's concerts.

    But it's hard to listen to the two disc recording of the London Concert and not want to write a review. I'm not qualified. I don't know enough about music. The range of voices in Cohen's oeuvre, from playful raconteur to contemplative poet, from lyricist of longing to apocalyptic seer, and from biblical prophet to lover and lover of words, makes any categorisation ridiculously reductionist. These two discs contain two and a half hours of the London performance and 26 tracks, and listening to them in a sitting has been a musical experience like a limited few others in my life.

    One was when the Beach Boys ignited for a generation an enthusiasm for life with what I think is still one of the best tracks they ever produced, "Good Vibrations". Though my favourite Beach Boys track, as those who have lived in my orbit any time know, is "Sloop John B" – not because of its depth, but because of its sheer joie de vivre about heading home when one's vivre hasn't been much joie! Second was when I listened to the first classical LP Sheila ever bought me, Yehudi Menuhin playing "Brahms' Violin Concerto". The second movement, played with heartbreaking intensity, was for me a personal graduation from what I thought I liked to a different musical world where music is heard to serious humane purposes. A third, (and there are probably still one or two more) was the first time I heard the Ode to Joy from "Beethoven's Ninth (Choral) Symphony". It was on a TV Documentary in the early 1970's in which Jimmy Reid the Union Leader of the Upper Clyde Shipbuilders strike, was interviewed. He spoke of his dad's long working life for low wages and long hours of hard graft, and the way those with money made more on a stock market deal than his dad could in several lifetimes of such hard graft. His vision, long before the EU captured the Beethoven chorus for its anthem, was of a society where humanity itself was valued, where materialism was subservient to humanism, and where money and power are means to more humane ends.

    Which brings me back to Cohen, and why this recorded concert is itself a musical and humanising experience. Some of Cohen's songs are also about how joie de vivre is often ambushed by circumstance and accident. Witness the masterpiece that is "Hallelujah", at least as sung by Cohen himself – this arrangement has lost none of the intensity and affirmation of humanity and our struggles with love, loss and limitation, and it is sung by a 73 year old who still deeply, defiantly and gently cares. And some of the songs take you to those far reaches of emotional responsiveness we know we have treasured away somewhere deep inside us, but which aren't easily accessed without the right guide – and in songs like "If it be your will", Cohen knows his way there, and back – and the version here by the Webb Sisters is quite simply beautiful. And then you only have to listen to "Democracy" to sense  essential combinations of satire and seriousness, compassion and cynicism, rebellion and patriotism. So many voices in that voice.

    188218main_188092main_D-Protoplanetary-082907-full_516-387 And so on. One of the areas I'd like to spend time learning about is music as a form of biblical exegesis. Not the advanced technical stuff about aesthetics and hermeneutics – but the more straightforward use of words and music to sound the depths, to explore the options, to guage the texture of a text. Not just the obvious choices like Handel's Messiah, Bach's Matthew Passion, but lesser known texts which form the basis of musical compositions, or which are echoed in the songs that move us. I once arranged a service around the theme music for the film "2001 Space Odyssey" (Also Sprach Zarathustra) played as background to the first verses of the Gospel of John. That's the kind of hermeneutics I mean. The intentional and imaginative juxtaposition of biblical text with music which is totally unrelated, until it is brought into conversation with that specific text and we hear the words and we are affected by the music, we hear the music and we are interpreted by the words.

    The brief benediction at the end of the concert comes from the book of Ruth, so the concert ends with a prayer that people of difference learn to live together, not in mere tolerance but in faithful companionship, which is the more telling gift of blessing for our times, living in the jagged fragments of a broken world.

    Off to listen…….. again.
     

  • Leonard Cohen – tell you what I think tomorrow

    Cohen

    Not much time for the blog today. All my spare time being spent marking papers, or (note, not while), listening to this. Tonight I'll find a couple of hours to listen to it all. Tell you what I think tomorrow.

  • Would you like coleslaw with that sir?

    Smile3t Just been out doing the messages. (Shopping to the uninitiated)

    Someone's carrier back had burst and some groceries littered the road.

    Car in front of me runs over a large tub of coleslaw.

    Big audi coming the other way is now beautifully garnished on the driver's door!

    Don't want to be lacking in Christian empathy, but glad it wasn't mine.

  • Running to do God’s will…..

    Marathon In his rule St Benedict quotes John 12.35, "Run while you have the light of life…". Then, knowing that obedience is about disposition and performance, he urges those seeking God,  "If we wish to dwell in the tent of that kingdom, we must run to it by good deeds or we shall never reach it. In fact Benedict calls the life of faith a marathon in which we "run in the way of God's commandments".

    The great Hebrews 12.1-2 text, "Run with persevarance the race that is set before you, looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of our faith".

    My suggestion. Go listen to the London Marathon theme tune over here. (It comes from the movie "The Trap", conducted by Ron Goodwin). Then listen again but read Hebrews 12.1-2; Philippians 3.12-16 with this music as background. The months of training, the hard slog, the longing to give up, the determination to keep going – following after Jesus isn't a dawdle and it isn't a sprint. Every year I watch the start of this race – not the elite runners – the mass crowds of folk who have trained and looked forward to running the race and finishing it. As an image of the church it works quite well – running for charity, helping each other along, fulfilling a life goal, pushing beyond our comfort zones, "having the same purpose, being of the same mind", the sacrament of water for the thirsty, and the great refusal that every step represents to not give up.
      

  • When grace slaps us on the face to waken us up.

    Britains-Got-Talent-2009--001 The best reflection I've come across on the phenomenon that is Susan Boyle can be found in The Herald, see here. It is a very fine piece of morally reflective journalism, respectful, compassionate, utterly unpatronising and says many things about human life, humanity and what is important.

    I've no idea what lies ahead for Susan. The song she sung was about that great human gift of dreaming, and that less humane gift of wasting other people's dreams. I wish we weren't such a self-centred, celebrity obsessed culture. Susan's gift, talent, courage, performance started a landslide of attention, but what if her voice had been ordinary, and the sniggers graduated to outright ridicule?

    If theological reflection means thinking about ordinary people's most human experiences, alert for that pervasive, invasive, inviting presence of God active and subversive in this blessed but ambiguous world, and then taking note when grace slaps us on the face to wake us up, then that performance deserves serious reflection. And those who sniggered then, now face the embarrassment of nearly 50 million viewers (latest hits stats on YouTube) who have witnessed "the laughter of fools". Grace does that. Reverses expectations, brings down the mighty and exalts the humble. Now take time to read that article in The Herald on the link above. If not precisely theological reflection it is nevertheless some of the most telling ethical reflection and cultural critique I've read for a while.

  • Moral imagination and the body politic.

    I think it was Edmund Burke who said the body politic should be clothed from the wardrobe of the moral imagination. At a time when a whole world faces some of the biggest moral, political and economic challenges for decades, it does look as if we need enhanced ethical imagination and revitalised imaginative morals. Problem is morality is boring. Morality limits our options, constrains our freedoms, disqualifies our preferred choices. And imagination is too busy creating unsustainable fantasies, celebrating the ephemeral, serving up stories, ideas and images relevant to the desires of a culture. Relevance to the culture is the prime directive where the culture in question, and its desires, happen to be consumer fuelled and credit driven.

    "Clothed from the wardrobe of the moral imagination" – is that how to describe Wednesday's budget? Moral imagination, is that a phrase that is any help to a world economy imploding because there wasn't enough imagination to envisage the consequences of economic fantasy? And not enough morality to see that the prime directive reduces human beings and our projects to instituionalised but uncontrolled appetite?

    Mmw_10b23_430v_min As a reminder of an alternative worldview, where moral imagination critiques the body politic, and where the desires of the culture were so dominant they crushed the poorest, I've been listening to the prophet Amos, (reading his words out loud):

    they sell the righteous for silver
    and the needy for a pair of sandals.
    they who trample the head of the poor into the dust….
    Seek good and not evil, that you may live…
    establish justice in the gate…
    Let justice roll down like waters
    and righteousness like an everflowing stream…

    That's the moral bit.

    Alas for those who feel at ease in Zion….
    for those who feel secure….
    the notables of the first of the nations…
    This is what the Lord God showed me: he was forming locusts at the time the latter growth began to sprout…This is what he showed me: The lord was standing beside a wall with a plumb-line in his hand…See I am setting a plumb line in the midst of my people…

    That, and much else, is the imagination bit.

    Index.7 Moral imagination, the capacity to see wrong and name it, and to see it against the history of a world where the rich waste and spoil by their greed, where the poor are cheated and the body politic have lived as if fantasies are made real by systemic denial of reality. The credit crunch has been described as a problem of biblical proportions. The right diagnosis is certainly of biblical proportions – a lack of moral imagination, economics without enough ethics to control greed, and selfishness devoid of imagination enough to measure consequences. No "wardrobe of the moral imagination". 

    I'll continue to read Amos…..and Micah…..and Isaiah. Because moral imagination, like chronic credit, doesn't grow on trees. It is the fruit of a theology that ascribes justice, mercy, compassion and wisdom to the creator God whom we marginalise at our cost. Maybe the failure of banks once imagined globally secure, was due to the creation of banks no longer ethically sound. The spinners of economic fantasies from financial imagination, are now naked of the virtues that both make money and make making money more just. Or to go back to Burke's image, the body politic and the body economic should once again be clothed from the wardrobe of the moral imagination, in garments that should never have gone out of fashion – compassion mercy, justice, wisdom. Attributes of God, each of them, and thus theological concepts which are needed to inform, then form, then transform the moral imagination of our culture.

    250px-City_of_London_skyline_from_London_City_Hall_-_Oct_2008 And I'm left with the disquieting question of where, and when, and how the communities of Jesus Christ we call the Church, bear witness, by the kinds of communities we are, to a different economics, a richer more humane understanding of the body politic, a different dress sense when it comes to the moral values with which, as followers of Jesus, we clothe ourselves. The credit crunch and its consequences for the poor, vulnerable and marginalised people and peoples of the world, isn't just the fault of the bankers and the governments. The Church is at its least attractive, and least "missionally incarnational" (sometimes I like using words I dislike!), when the Church scolds 'them' and we fail to show by our own repentance, that we too took our eye off God. You cannot serve God and money – so either you serve God,  – or you make money God and solve the dilemma.

    The Lord's Prayer…."Your kingdom come, your will be done on earth, as it is in heaven".

    What would that look like in economic, political and moral terms?

    Use your moral imagination!